Animal Experimentation

Animal Experimentation Free Online Research Papers Animal experimentation is a big part of medical progress. Opponents of animal testing point out the amount of animals used and the different types of animals used but if you look at it, it’s all for a good reason. Animal experimenters don’t do this just to do it. It’s for a purpose. There are thousands upon thousands of medical situations that couldn’t have been done without animal experimenting. Animal suffering is pointed out but for the most part animals go without feeling any pain. Animal experimentation has helped advance us so much medically that no matter what extent of suffering you find or what type of alternatives you find, it will never fully disappear. Animal experimentation is not a recent event. It‘s been around for thousands of years. â€Å"The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the third and fourth centuries BC, with Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus (304-258 BC) among the first to perform experiments on living animals† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶4). Erasistratus was a student at Aristotle’s school in Athens. It was there that he got the name â€Å"The Father Of Physiology† due to the work he did on the studies of the circulatory system and the nervous system on animals (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 24). Another person of great influence with the history of animal experimentation is Galen of Pergamum. During his time it was illegal for anyone to dissect a human therefore he had to move to animals for his learning and observations. â€Å"He put pigs, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, bears, mice, monkeys, and even an elephant all under his knife; in doing so, he ‘put animal research on the map, not only for his contemporaries but also for the next fifteen centuries.’† (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 25). There are numerous types of experiments that were performed after animal testing was first discovered. After Galen, there were many other highly intelligent and important people who followed him in his ways of working on animals for medical purposes. One being William Harvey (1578-1657). His â€Å"discovery that blood circulates through the body, a discovery that has been called ‘the greatest physiological advance of the seventeenth century, and perhaps of all time,’ was based almost exclusively on animal experiments† (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 25). An English clergyman named Stephen Hales â€Å"used only a mare to develop techniques for measuring blood pressure and the capacity of the heart. He did this by inserting a long glass tube into one of the horse’s arteries and, with each heartbeat, measuring the rise and fall of the blood in the tube† (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 25-6). By performing experiments on animals during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there were many important medical benefits formed. In 1798 William Jenner worked with two deadly diseases, cowpox and horsepox. In doing this he was able to develop the smallpox vaccination which is incredibly important to human health today. â€Å"Louis Pasteur turned his attention to the diseases of humans and the higher animals, and to the elaboration of preventative vaccines. Together with his brilliant students Èmilie Roux, Charles Chamberland, and Louis Thuillier, he launched a series of experiments that resulted first in a vaccine for chicken cholera ? an economically damaging disease† (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 26-7). From there he was also able to make a vaccination for anthrax which was tested on sheep, goats, and cows. Another vaccination formed by Pasteur which was tested on animals was the rabies vaccination, another extremely important benefit to humans. Later on throughout the years we have had humans experience some painful, depressing, and fatal medical situations which have in most cases been helped to become less extreme with the help of animal testing. Some of the more important medical areas being helped by using animals is cancer, AIDS, and psychological issues. In some cases animal experimentation is the only logical way to find cures or vaccinations for these diseases or problems in human health. When it’s looked at that way, it needs to be decided which is more important, human health or the well-being of animals. Although cancer isn‘t the main reason for animal testing, it‘s become one of the most helped by animal testing. â€Å"It is of interest to see how important animal models have been in obtaining these [cancer treating] results†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 133). About 12% of animal experimentation is done involving cancer research (Baumans, 2004 Figure 2). In order to test anticancer agents liver microsomes are needed. Therefore if you were to use in vitro testing, using cells instead of an actual body of an animal, you wouldn’t be able to have that due to the fact of not having a real, living animal. â€Å"Major advances in cancer chemotherapy have come from the use of drugs in combination and from the use of optimum does schedules for each anticancer agent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 136). â€Å"Because of the larger number of variables involved the tumor bearing animal is the only possible model to study complicated drug c ombinations and dose schedules† (ibid). Tumor bearing animals are most helpful in ranking doses by how effective they are. You could do this by in vitro but on the contrary if the experiment becomes too difficult it wouldn’t work as well as using a live animal. The whole AIDS experiment on animals started with scientists wanted to know what exactly caused A IDS. Wanting to know that led them to use many different species including chimpanzees. These animals were inoculated with blood from AIDS patients. These experiments weren’t much help and kind of seemed a waste of time due to the fact of getting no usable result. The scientists then did numerous experiments in the laboratory to figure out that a retrovirus, HIV, was the cause of AIDS. They then inoculated different species, including rabbits and chimpanzees, to see what would be the outcome. â€Å"Of the nonhuman primates only chimpanzees and gibbon apes could be infected with HIV in such a way that the virus could reisolated from the inoculated animals and that antibodies were produced against HIV proteins† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 153). The chimps were then observed for 4-6 years and nothing seemed to be wrong therefore â€Å"it seemed warranted to state that c himpanzees are relatively resistant to the pathogenic action of HIV† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 154). â€Å"Although animal experiments have not contributed to the discovery of HIV nor to the solution of the AIDS problem, there is a great need for animal models for some burning questions in AIDS research† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 154). Some of these questions being â€Å"What is the cause of the T helper cell depletion in AIDS patients? What is the cause of presenile dementia in HIV-infected individuals? Do microbial factors have an influence on the development of AIDS?† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 154-5). Animal experimentation has really helped finding solutions when it comes to having problems in the brain. A drug was discovered called Chlorpormazine. It was supposed to be used for allergy disorders but became looked at more closely when it caused â€Å"unusual sedative action on animals† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 52). Scientists did a few trials with this drug and found it to have â€Å"remarkable effects on the human mind† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 51). Tests led scientists to discover that the cause of these effects was dopamine, a key neurotransmitter in this situation. Animal experimentation has also helped us advance in finding help for Parkinson’s disease. â€Å"When treated with large doses of these drugs [antipsychotic agents] the animals become immobile and could be placed and remained in the most awkward positions† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 51). About a month later it was discovered that a shot of DOPA could prevent this immobility from occurring. Knowing this then led to scientists seeing that the cause of Parkinson’s disease was caused by lack of dopamine. From there a treatment was formed, L-DOPA. Animal experimentation also helps with understanding the oxygen intake and metabolic activity of different parts of the brain. There are certain techniques that can be done to see how the brain replies to different stimuli. â€Å"To develop these imaging techniques animal experiments are necessary. For example, radioactive precursors or ligands for receptor studies have to be tried out in animals before they can be used on man.† (Garattini and Van Bekkum, 1990 p 52). Most opponents of animal experimentation point out how much that animals are suffering. In most cases they are quite over exaggerators. â€Å"Many claim that animals are tortured, and another frequent complaint is that animal research is all about profits. But it is hard to see how anyone would make a profit from torturing animals, or why medical research charities, who are trying to find curs for debilitating illnesses like cancer or AIDS, would spend their money torturing animals† (Festing, 2005  ¶ 9). Over half of the animals feel little to no pain at all. â€Å"According to the 2000 USDA Annual Report, 63% of animals experienced slight or momentary pain, such as an injection. 29% of the research procedures employed anesthesia and postoperative painkillers. In 7% of the procedures, neither anesthesia nor pain medication could be used, as they would have interfered with research results† (The Foundation of Biomedical Research, 2003  ¶ 3). â€Å"In many countries its mandatory by national law to grade the level of discomfort for animals in experiments in minor, moderate, and severe† (Baumans, 2004  ¶ 3). The welfare of animals included in these experiments is important to scientists even thought most opponents of animal testing would disagree. â€Å"One argument is that consideration of pain and suffering for animals should be legally equivalent to the considerations for humans† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶ 3). For the most part animals are treated reasonably well. Small animals are kept in plastic boxes that are either clear or white, slightly bigger animals are kept in containers about twice the size of a shoebox, and the large animals are kept in wire cages. The cages need to be in livable conditions, clean, and warm. They also need to have veterinary care available. There are a variety of different animals used in animal testing. Examples being invertebrates, rodents, rabbits, dogs, non-human primates, and cats. The invertebrates used usually consist of fruit flies and nematodes. â€Å"These animals offer scientists a number of advantages over vertebrates, including their short life cycle and the ease with which large numbers can be studied† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶11). They, also, tend to be cheaper than any other animal used in experimentation. The most common species of rodents is mice. They are the most popular â€Å"because of their availability, size, low cost, east of handling, and fast reproduction rate† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶13). Mice are known to be the best model of inherited human disease and share 99% of their genes with humans. Albino rabbits are used to check eye irritancy tests since they tend to have less flow of tears and lack of eye pigment. Another test rabbits are used in are for skin irritancy test . The main type of dog used is beagles due to the fact of them being gentle and their friendliness. They are used in toxicity tests, dental experiments, and surgeries. Non-human primates include baboons, macaques, marmosets, and chimpanzees. These animals are mostly used in research for â€Å"HIV, neurology, behavior, cognition, reproduction, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, malaria, respiratory viruses, infectious disease, genetics, xenotransplantation, drug abuse, and also in vaccine and drug testing† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶24). There are many animal rights activists that would say there are numerous amounts of alternatives for animal experimentation. Two examples being the â€Å"3 R approach† and using in vitro situations instead of in vivo. The â€Å"3 R’s† stand for refinement, reduction, and replacement. Refinement refers to lowering animal suffering and/or death and to increase animal welfare for the ones still used in experimentation. Reduction refers to decreasing â€Å"the number of animals used and the number of experiments performed to obtain or confirm a particular result† (Paul and Paul, 2001 p 198). Replacement refers to using non-animal experiments instead of animal ones if you can achieve the same result. The problem with refinement is that it would cost too much money whereas reduction could save money, although, in some cases it may be necessary to use more animals to get an accurate figure to make vaccines or help curing diseases. Some of the non-animal experimen tal methods would be using in vitro studies. In vitro is using animals models or cells of animals instead of using the entire animal body. â€Å"Others say that they [in vitro cell culture techniques] are unlikely to ever provide enough information about the complex interactions of living systems† (Wikipedia, 14 Oct. 2006  ¶79). Animal experimentation is a must when it comes to medical advancements. It doesn’t seem fair for people to say animal experimentation is wrong because if you think about it, if animal experimentation is wrong should we all become vegetarians? We slaughter cows, pigs, chickens, and turkeys to make food for ourselves but that’s OK? Therefore any opponent to animal experimentation that isn’t a vegetarian shouldn’t have the right to speak about animals testing as being wrong if they’re willing to kill animals for themselves. Using cows, pigs, chickens, and turkeys for food is necessary for most people in the same context that using mice, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys to help cure diseases is necessary. References Animal testing. ASPCA. animaland.org/asp/realissues/testing.asp (14 Oct. 2006). Animal testing. Wikipedia.com. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Animal_Testing (14 Oct. 2006). Baumans V. 2004. Use of animals in experimental research: an ethical dilemma? Gene Therapy. 11: S64-6. nature.com/gt/journal/v11/n1s/full/3302371a. html (9 Oct. 2006). Festing S. 2005. The animal research debate. The Political Quarterly. 76.4: 568. http:// www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2005.00720.x (15 Oct. 2006). Garattini S, Van Bekkum DW, editors. The importance of animal experimentation for safety and biomedical research. Boston (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990. Paul EF, Paul J, editors. Why animal experimentation matters: the use of animals in medical research. New Brunswick (USA): Transaction Publishers; 2001. Quick facts about animal research. The Foundation of Biomedical Research. fbresearch.org/survivors/quickfacts.htm (14 Oct. 2006) Research Papers on Animal ExperimentationGenetic EngineeringStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBringing Democracy to AfricaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export QuotasThe Spring and AutumnArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Could Content Writing Help You Make Ends Meet as a Writer

Could Content Writing Help You Make Ends Meet as a Writer Content could be your best chance of making up the extra income you need to keep your writing ambitions on track. So what is it and how does it work? Content is the material produced Is content the same as advertising? Its more a cross between advertising and journalism. The idea is that people are tired of constant promotional messages – buy this now! – and are becoming increasingly savvy shoppers: before they buy anything, they do loads of research online, for instance, in online forums and on social media. So to reach them, businesses now need to be part of that research process. And that means offering useful information and inspiration to support their decision-making: content. So what does content look like? Its the difference between a mortgage website that just says, check out our deals, and one that also says First-time mortgages: a handy guide for new homebuyers. Since the company is an expert in mortgages, it can tell people some useful things that will help them make a choice. In exchange, the potential customer will consent to hearing a few marketing messages and hopefully feel better disposed towards this provider. Whats the opportunity for writers? The rise of internet search as the dominant way in which consumers interact with businesses has led to a content marketing boom. Video and visual content are increasingly popular, especially in social, but written copy is still needed in huge volumes. Pretty much every business of any size needs content, and that means they need writers. For example, an airline might commission a series of destination guides. A supermarket site might want to develop a library of recipes. A business bank might offer funding tips for startups. A recruitment company might offer CV and interview advice. And so on. With all these examples, theres a strong commercial reason for doing the content: the airline wants people to buy tickets to the destinations they write about, for example. But the content still has to be editorial in flavour: if the material is too salesy it will lose its credibility. How can you get started with content work? Businesses employ a multitude of individual freelancers, freelance platforms and marketing agencies to create content on their behalf. Start What skills and experience do you need?   A background in journalism or copywriting is a great help, but many writers in the content world have no special training and have simply picked up skills and experience along the way. Any specialised knowledge or experience is a plus: a degree in

Summary of Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Summary of Readings - Essay Example Regular prayers and devotions were part of the Christian religious processes for the welfare of the faithful and it was this formed the basis of the development of timekeeping technology and its dominance of our current capitalistic societies. It was not that time keeping was not there earlier, but the development of the clock as an expression of new timekeeping technologies removed the vagaries of nature that inhibit regulatory and order in the pervious time keeping technologies. Starting from the fourteenth centuries clock towers emerged in cities and towns to dominate life the life of their citizens (1). Other technologies may have come and may also lay claim to be all pervasive in human civilization, but there is no technology that has pervaded every niche of human presence and dominated the activities of humankind. The orderly punctual existence brought on by the mechanical clock is not in keeping with basic nature of humankind and yet, modern civilization remains a slave to the chimes of the mechanical clock. The regular chimes of mechanical time in seconds and minutes are in disharmony with the irregular nature of the human body, yet in modern civilization, basic human organic functions are controlled by this mechanical time. Humankind lives, works, and exists now in keeping with tunes of the tool of time keeping technology in the form of the time keeping clock (1). Biology in the Evolution of Technology In Chapter 3, History of the Seventh Kingdom in his book â€Å"What Technology Wants†, Kevin Kelly 2011, opines that the seventh kingdom of technology is not merely an invention of humankind, but has its origins in life itself, and continues to evolve as living organisms have done so from the time life dawned on planet Earth. The six kingdoms of living organisms have evolved and adapted over several hundred millions of generations in an unbroken link, and also learnt to build and evolve external structures. Structures to live in are the most commo n of these external structures. Such shelters of an animal are extension of the animal itself, and in this manner technology is the extension of humankind. This is visible in all the technologies developed and used by humankind, such as even the clothes that we wear. Technology in essence represents an external repository for human ideas (2). An evaluation of the evolution of human technology demonstrates a number of similarities with the evolution of genetic organisms. The manner in which a particular species of technology evolves over time is very similar to that of genealogical blueprint of species evolution, with the difference that in technology it is the expression of ideas and not the work of genes. Different branches of technology combine to create new products, just as evolution in organisms evolves through mating. Evolution in technology is parallel to evolution of nature. An example of this lies in the transformation of simple alphabets into books, which are the storehous es of human knowledge. This is similar to the transformation of DNA into cells and organisms (2). Yet there are differences too in the manner in which technology differs from living organisms. Organisms can be long-living while many technologies are short-lived. Innovations in organisms are passed down from parent down to the offspring vertically, while innovations in technology

Behavioural Finance topic 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavioural Finance topic 8 - Essay Example rd disagree with Koopmans as they consider reporting facts-without data assumptions through some probability model is an important scientific activity. Growth facts which came out of empirical works of Kuznets and some others are important in the development of economic theory. Solow (1970, p.2) agrees that these facts led to the development of his neoclassical growth model which has become the most crucial organizing structure in macroeconomics whether we consider the issues of growth or public finance or fluctuation. Solows (1970, pp.2-3) major growth factors are: Kydland and Edward study aimed at presenting the business cycle facts with reference to the established neoclassical growth theory which they have used as an organizing framework. They stress that the statistics reported in their study are not measure; rather they are statistics from interesting patterns in the light of neoclassical growth theory. Business cycles study grew during 1920s and 1940s.With the development of Koopmans structural systems of equations, it didnt remain a very active area of study. However, it is alive once again in the form of recurrent fluctuations. Lucas (1977) study proved to be instrumental in bringing business cycles study into mainstream. He defined business cycles as the "deviations of aggregate real output from trend". In order to complete his definition, Kydland and Edward provided an explicit procedure for calculating time series presented in smooth curves which researchers draw through plots of the data. Mitchell defined business cycles as sequence of expansion and contractions with a particular emphasis on the turning points and phases of the business cycles. Kydland and Edward consider the development in economic theory that Mitchells work and Lucas idea of business cycles. The term cycle is a broad term; the most widely accepted example of cycle is the sunspot cycle that varies in length from under 10 to 20 years. Most evident feature of the cycle is the

Signal Theory Essay Example for Free

Signal Theory Essay In this assignment I am going to describes different types of communication devices. For example Switches, Routers, etc. Then I am going to explain the principles of signal theory. After this I will look at In Manchester encoding the signal synchronizes itself. This is an advantage because this will decrease the error rate and optimize the reliability. But on the other hand it is also a disadvantage because the amount of bits sent in the original signal when transmitted has be twice the amount of bits from the original signal. Differential Manchester Also known as Conditioned Diphase (CDP). It is a encoding method which uses data and clock signal as fused to create a self-synchronizing data steam. Similar to Manchester encoding it uses present or absent transitions to represent logical value. Made from Copper, PVC, Plastic Length:100 M Speed:100 Gbit/s Extremely fast and less interference Incredibly expensive and mostly likely be manufactured till 2013 Bluetooth Mostly Copper for the circuitry, Plastic for casing. Length: 100 M Speed:1 Gbit/s Send from cell phones, do not need wires to connect, Most of the phone are equipped with it Open and other people can access your phone if not protected. Quite slow when sending and receiving on a cell phone. Infrared Receiver, Antenna and Transmitter, Copper Plastic Length: 40 km Speed: 4 Mbit/s Shorter wave than microwaves, not as harmful. Less interference. Microwaves Antenna Receiver. Length: 1 M Speed: 300 GHz Good for sending data over longer distances Dangerous, if something that uses microwaves e. g. cell phone for too long. Too much interference Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Signal Transmitter. Length: 95 M Speed: 5 GHz Usable anywhere in the house, can even be used as a hotspot in public places e. g. airports, cafi , etc Other people can also access it so many connections can make it slow. Satellite Dish and a satellite in orbit Length: 22,000 Miles Speed: 40 Mbit/s Connection from anywhere in the world. Delay of up to 500 millisecond due to rain or moisture. Fibre Optic LED/Laser Connector. Glass, Plastic, PVC. Length: 40,000 Speed: 10 Gbit/s Extremely fast speeds can be achieved without the use of switches, hubs, etc over long distances Simply expensive to buy. Radio Transmitter Receiver Length: 100 Miles Speed: 300 GHz Available anywhere in the world. Very limited range and gets easily affected by interference. Name Specification Advantages Disadvantages Coaxial Diameter: 6 mm / Resistance: 85. 2 km Capacity: 70 km at 1KHz Cheap. 500 meters length. It very reliable Expensive and hard to install Fibre Optic Diameter: 2 microns. Good for transmission over long distance because it is immune to magnetic interference. Electrical interference protected. Stretches up to 3000 meters. No noise is generated Very expensive and over time the sent signal will get weaker because of signal reflecting. UTP/Cat. 5 Foiled and uses copper wire. Stretches up to 100 meters. Easy installation and transmission rates reaching up to 1 Gbps. Very open to interferences. STP Foiled and also uses copper wire. Shielded. Length up to 100 meters. Transmission rates between 10-100 Mbps Expensive heavy and big in physical size. Radio Uses antenna to transmit. Signal can be refracted. No wires needed and very long distances capable. Signal gets weaker the more time taken to reach the destination. Security is a problem very open for hackers. LAN This is type of network which covers a small office, home or a school network. A LAN uses either wired Ethernet or wireless RF technology. Using a LAN can be much easier when there is a printer available or sharing a file throughout the network. Updating software is much easier because updating software will automatically update all the other softwares. LAN has much higher transmission rates because it is wired connection rather than wireless. Ethernet and Wi-Fi as most widely used technologies, however many others such as token rings have been used before. This relates to standard IEEE 802. 2. This standard allows two connectionless and one connection orientated operational mode: Type 1 which allows frames to be sent to a single destination or multiple destinations on the same network is a connectionless mode. Type 2 is the oriented operational connection mode. In this mode it uses something called sequence numbering which makes sure that when the data is send it gets to the destination in the correct order and not a single frame has been lost. Type 3 which is also a connectionless service, but only support point to point communication. Infrared is related to this service because in computer infrared network it can receive and transmit data either through the side of the device or the rear side of the device. When connections are made using Microsoft Windows Infrared the same method used for LAN connections can be used. Infrared technology has been extended to allow more than two computers to be connected semi permanent networks. The advantage of a LAN is that the same physical communication path can be shared by multiple devices. For example it there is a printer, a computer and the internet connection the LAN will allow connections to the printer and it will also allow connections to the internet. If a software is loaded onto the file server that all the computers on the network can use it. There are quite a few drawbacks of a LAN network. For example security measures need to be taken so that users cannot access unauthorised areas. It is quite hard to setup the network. Skilled technicians are needed to maintain the network. Yet the biggest disadvantage is that if the file server goes down than all the other computers on the network are affected as well. WAN This type of network covers a wider area. It is used over high speed, long distance communications such as computers in two different areas. A WAN can also be shared. For example two occupants in two buildings can share the wireless connection to a third person, or a business or anyone or anything they wish to do so. Data is safe, secure and quick when it is transmitted between two computers. WAN can also be used to connect different types of networks together for example a WAN network connected to a LAN networks. The reason behind this is that it is AppleTalk. It is a cheap LAN architecture which is a standard model built for all Apple Macintosh computers and laser printers. It also supports Apple LocalTalk cabling scheme as well as Ethernet and IBM token ring. AppleTalk can connect to standard computers which do not have AppleTalk. This all relates to FDDI standard which stands for Fibre Distributed Data Interface. It is a backbone of a wide area network. It uses fibre optic cable to transmit data up to supported rate of 100 Mbps. An advantage of a WAN it allows secure and fast transmission between two computers. Data transmission is inexpensive and reliable. Sharing a connection is easy as well because it allows direct connectivity. A WAN also allows sharing of software and resources to other workstations connected on the network. Disadvantage of a WAN network is that the signal strong all the time so anyone trying to hitchhike a connection can use the WAN connection it is not protected. WAN are slow and expensive to set-up. They also need a good firewall to stop intruders using the connection. Networking Mediums Different types of medium are used for different types of topologies. Coaxial Cable It is normally used to connect telecommunication devices which used for broadband connection which use high transmission rates to transfer data. The cable is insulated using a braided shield which is also known as a screen. It protects the cable from electromagnetic interference. It has higher capacity than a standard copper wire. Therefore it allows radio frequencies and television signals to be transmitted. Various types of coaxial cables are available which can be used for thin Ethernet which are used for networking 10Mbps connections lengthening up to 200 meters. There is also thick Ethernet cable is also used for 10Mbps connections but stretching up to 500 meters. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) coaxial cable has been used in the past when building networking using thick or thin Ethernet. Ethernet cables quite expensive but they are still used because they carry more data then a telephone wire and it is less susceptible to interference. Optical Fibre Optical fibre also known as a fibre optic cable uses light to transmit data. Light is made using a laser or LED is sent down a fibre which is thin strand of glass. Fibre optic is about 2 microns in diameter which is 15 times thinner than a single human hair. Optic fibre is not affected by electromagnetic interference. It is cable of higher than data transmission rates, ideal for broadband usage. Fibre optics are manufactured in two different types the single mode and multi mode. The difference between the two is quite obvious single mode uses one beam of light to transmit data to longer distance of around 3 km but the multimode uses multiple beams of light to transmit data but only to shorter distance of 2 km. This allows more data to be sent simultaneously. It is normally used for broadband transmission as mentioned before because it is faster at transmission than any other cable currently available. Fibre optic also has an advantage of long distance transmission because light propagates through the fibre with little attenuation compared to electric cables. Not many repeaters are needed for long distance. Data travelling using the fibre can reach rates of unto 111 Gbps. Fibre optics also restrict high voltages travelling from end to end of a fibre to another end. It also restricts cross talk and environmental noise between signals transmitting to different cables. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) UTP and STP both use copper wires which are known to man as one of the oldest types of transmission media methods. STP is insulated with a metallic plastic foil which is all under the plastic sheath. This insulating is expensive to make thats why it is more expensive than normal cable. Even though STP cable is shielded there is still crosstalk. It cannot be eliminated. Both UTP STP individual wires are twisted together so it creates there is less crosstalk. Core of each of the type of cable is a very good conductor and easy to work with. Media which can be used with UTP is internet, because it is easy to install, maintain, less expensive and allows higher transmission rates. The media used with STP is also internet, but it is more expensive and difficult to install. The advantage is that there is less interference. It is difficult to install because it has to be grounded at both ends. Improper grounding will result I metallic shielding acting as a antenna and it will pick up unwanted signals. Due to the cost and difficult to install and maintain it is hardly used in Ethernet networks. It is mainly used in Europe. Crosstalk Crosstalk means that signal that are transmitting in different circuits interfering with each other. Crosstalk happens because unwanted signals interfere with another channel transmitting undesirably. Electrical Noise Noise is when an electrical signal is transmitted across a wire which is not the sent signal by the user, but it is another signal which has been picked up randomly. Twisted pair cables eliminate the interference because they are twisted with each other so they cancel out each other. The thickness and varied insulation of a cable and its capacitance of the wires will cause noise. For example when there is communication on a telephone and either person cannot hear the message clearly this is caused by noise affecting the signal. This is known as crosstalk, as mentioned before crosstalk is when signal is affected by electromagnetic field around a wire. Electric noise cannot be eliminated but can be minimized by taking caution. Keep cables away from electrical equipments and shield the cable weather it is a fibre optic or a STP. Checksum It is a method used for error-checking the received data against a calculated checksum. For example when a data is received by the designated node the checksum error detection method will create a new calculation and check it against the old calculation to check weather the same result it received. This makes sure the data has not been altered in any way when it was transmitting.

Changes in Eliza in Pygmalion :: George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion Essays

Changes in Eliza in Pygmalion Before Eliza first encountered Mr. Higgins, she was simply a dirty, yet caring girl in the gutter of London. During her time with both Mr. Higgins and Colonel Pickering, Eliza did change, for the fist few weeks of her stay in Wimpole Street, she questioned everything that Higgins asked her to do, and generally couldn't see how they would help her. Later, Eliza begins to understand that Higgins, as harsh as he is, is trying to do his best to teach her, and therefore should be respected. After the ambassador's ball, we see more of the old Eliza resurfacing. She starts to worry again, and since she has grown attached to Higgins and Pickering, is devastated to see their finding her so trivial. Eliza's basic character remains relatively unchanged. We can still observe the old Eliza, under the upper-class persona. The play, "Pygmalion" brings out the message that looks can be extremely deceiving, while touching on the issue that self presentation really does change the way peop le look at you. Act I of the play first introduces the reader to the rich of London. The author, Bernard Shaw, uses these well moneyed citizens to display the contrast between them and Eliza. In this act, Eliza has yet to be introduced to the world of the rich, and is portrayed by Shaw as in innocent dreamer. Eliza is concerned for her own safety, in making sure that it was know that she only wanted to sell a flower to the gentleman. She is persistent in a kind way; the reader sees this when she tries eagerly to sell to the gentleman without change. It becomes apparent that she is very poor, and needs success from her flower selling to live a life at all. Eliza shows great pride in her line of work, and that she stays above the law, not resorting to illegal prostitution or stealing. The introduction of Higgins taking down Eliza's speech gives the author a further chance to display Eliza's will to stay innocent and good. Another way that Shaw shows us the real Eliza is in the way that she starts crawling over the dirty ground to locate the money thrown down at her by Higgins.

Get Prepared My Speech Essay

Regarding our introduction speech as my first formal one in front of the class, I felt so awkward that I forgot every details which we should pay attention to. First is the Eye Contact. There was a kind of hook that I can’t control myself from moving my sights out of the back row, where our professor sat. The second Delivery part is Vocal Pause which was my most serious issue during all the speech. Words just went out of my mind since I wrote my name on the board. I was a little unaware when my name was called on the second because I preferred the third place so that I got enough time to calm down and organized sentences. Every preparation I did was showing randomly in my head. For example, my personal considerations on how tough will a military mission be had appeared first rather than an interesting getter. Some details I added to make a rich description became a simple word, not including some parts I even forgot to say. The last issue is about Body language that it may help audiences to know where the person in the speech is. Thanked for the outlines paper so that I knew where I should put my hands on. I was easily lost my minds but caught up on time by fingering which line I would read next. By recollecting fragments of my speech, I keep telling myself it would be better if I performed in that way. An interesting beginning, more eye contacts or less pause while I was expressing. All the problems I mentioned above is because I didn’t realize there was more nervousness than I expected. In another words, I didn’t rehearse enough to conquer that as Ronald B. and George states, â€Å"A smooth and natural delivery is the result of extensive practice. Get to know your material until you feel comfortable with your presentation† (page 342). After switched to a listener, contents were not the only part that attracted me but how different they performed from mine. By observing their moves, their body languages were perfectly coordinated with the rhythm of presentations. It became a talk like he or she was introducing a friend of his or her to you instead of reading a research paper. About the cadence they spoke, the variable tone caught my attention all the time and I couldn’t wait to know what was on the next. I confessed that I am the selective listener who responds only to the parts of a speaker’s remarks that interested me. With those changing tones and plentiful body languages, the contents were easily understood and appealing. I am very pleased to be enrolled in this class to figure out what is my weakness and how I can beat them to be a qualified speaker. Works Citied Adler, Ronald B. and Rodman, George. Understanding Human Communication with Carrie Cropley Hutchinson, 11th edition. Print.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards: Website Lesson Plans Edwina Schweitzer Grand Canyon University: EED 364 November 25, 2012 The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is a council that has set in place standards that are to be followed and adhered to when creating mathematical lesson plans. These standards are national and require a lot of the teachers as far as what and how they teach math. While there are many choices of lesson plans that support the standards set by the NCTM regarding number sense and operations, only four will be used to fulfill the following criteria. . Four lesson plans were chosen to illustrate the support of the NCTM standards: A. Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, (Discovery Education, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that helps students understand the importance of numbers. In this lesson the objectives are to show the students the importance of numbers in math, and show examples of how they are used in everyday life. The stud ents start out by watching the video, Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, and then talking about all of the numbers that they see in the classroom, such as the numbers on a clock or how many paint brushes or windows there are.The students are then asked to imagine a world without numbers and give ideas of how things would be different. They are then asked to write down examples of how they have used numbers, such as dividing candy among friends, being first in line, or being measured at the doctor. They are then asked to share these examples with the class and post them as a reminder of the importance of numbers in their everyday lives. B.Activity 3: Exploring the effect of operations on decimals, (Illuminations, 2000-2012) is a lesson plan that gives students the opportunity to â€Å"explore the effects of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimal numbers. † This lesson provides a Maze Playing Board sheet that allows students to play a game while making th eir way through the maze. The object of the maze is to finish the maze with the highest decimal number. Examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimal numbers are shown on an overhead projector for the students to see as a visual aid.This activity requires the use of the calculator, which provides practice using a calculator while having fun with a maze. The students are then put into groups of three to discuss their results. C. I’ll halve s’more please!! (Jackson, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that uses fractions to solve riddles provided in a PBS episode of Cyberchase, entitled Zeus on the Loose. The students watch the episode and then use fractions to solve the riddles while learning the parts of the fractions and their importance in everyday life.There is a handout that is included with the lesson plan and a list of materials, including s’mores ingredients, large numbers and a bar of paper cut out for fractional use. D. Life is Full of Problems, (Young, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that helps students learn how to read, interpret, and devise a solution to math problems. This lesson requires the use of mental solving, paper and pencil, and calculator usage. The students learn to double check their answers for correct procedures and solutions. There are several ideas listed in this lesson plan that may fit into any diverse classroom.This is a lesson plan that is particularly good for encouraging mental solving of mathematic equations. While the mental solving is attempted first, they may check their mental answers by working the problem out on paper, then double checking themselves with the calculator. This incorporates three different means of problem solving, and not only teaches the importance of mental capabilities, it enables the students to finish with the use of calculators. 2. The methodology of number sense is used in each of the lesson plans in various ways. Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, (Discovery Educat ion, n. . ) includes a vocabulary list that the others do not. â€Å"Vocabulary is an integral part of developing the skills and concepts necessary to explain solutions to problems,† (Camelot Learning, n. d. ). All of the lessons use number importance and provide activities to enhance this importance. Even though some of these activities may not have vocabulary words to accompany the lesson, they could be incorporated into them. If the higher grades already know the vocabulary words for the lessons being taught, they could be a refresher so that the students did not forget them. 3.The activities that were included in these lesson plans include mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of decimals and fractions. Calculators are used in two of the activities, and the importance of the use of numbers is emphasized in all activities. Problem solving techniques are given as examples and the students are encouraged to improve on them through the completion of the activities. One lesson plan even includes a S’mores snack in the activity. Students would not only get to work with S’mores, but eat them afterwards! 4.These websites are appropriate for K-5th grade students, depending upon the lesson being taught and the extent to which the teacher would like to instruct it. All of the lesson plans are adaptable for students, but grades 3-6 seemed to be the best to benefit from them as they are listed. A couple of the lesson plans included variations that could be made simpler or more difficult, depending upon the grade and needed difficulty level. This variation in difficulty is also good for the differentiation of the students. 5. The lesson plans all provided ideas for differentiated instruction.These were also ideas that could be used for different grade levels, depending upon how in-depth the teacher wanted to go. Small groups were assigned to discuss the results of some of the activities. This could be hel pful with those students that have greater challenges and may struggle with their activities. Some of these activities could be made partner activities to help ELL students or those that may tend to be slower academically. 6. These lesson plans are important to the student’s understanding of mathematics because all of the lesson plans contained vital knowledge of the importance of numbers in everyday life.The students need to learn the components of these lessons to be successful at anything in life, as they are basic but important components. All of these lessons show the students how numbers surround them and that without numbers their world would not be the same at all. They constantly use numbers on a daily basis, right down to their phone number, address, age, size of clothes, and how tall they are. By providing the examples of this and then providing the opportunity for hands on activities to illustrate this importance, the students may be less likely to make the commen ts, â€Å"Why do I have to learn this? I will never use this! 7. The activities within the lesson plans could improve student achievement by providing the visual, hands on activities necessary for student understanding and growth. By allowing the students to participate in the activities and have fun, they will remember the concept being taught better because they have witnessed how important it is and have learned by the fun activities provided. The success of the students can be far greater when they are allowed to participate in hands on activities as opposed to simply being lectured on a particular concept. It is always easier to remember something when you had fun doing it.This principle is the same with lessons. The more opportunities for the students to do activities or games that pertain to the lesson, the better chance the students have to remember the concept being taught. This is only a success builder in academics. 8. Manipulatives were used in all of these lessons to s ome extent. The Problem-solving: Math, Episode 1 lesson plan could use a few more ideas for manipulative use. Where the students were asked to look around the classroom and find things that contained numbers, they could choose items from the classroom to total one to ten items.This could be done by counting out one book, two sheets of paper, three markers, four crayons, etc. Manipulatives may be changed or increased in any of the lesson plans, depending upon the teacher and how he/she chooses to provide them. The four lesson plans that were chosen and described all adhere to the standards set in place by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). Each lesson plan had the NCTM link or listed standards included in the body of the lesson plans. These standards are important for teachers to be aware of and use when creating lesson plans for mathematic instruction.By having these standards set in place and using them, all of the students will have the same emphasis and impor tance put on number sense and operations, regardless of grade level or school. Reference Camelot Learning. (n. d. ). Camelot learning math intervention curriculum. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. camelotlearning. com/why-camelot/methodology. Discovery Education. (n. d. ). Problem-solving: Math, episode 1. Discovery education. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. discoveryeducation. com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/problem-solving-math-episode-1. cfmIlluminations. (2000-2012). Activity 3: Exploring the effect of operations on decimals. Illuminations. Retrieved November 24, 2012 from http://illuminations. nctm. org/LessonDetail. aspx? id=L252. Jackson, C. (n. d. ). I’ll halve s’more please!! National teacher training institute. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. thirteen. org/edonline/ntti/resources/lessons/m_half/index. html Young, K. (n. d. ). Life is full of problems. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. learningpt. org/pdfs/mscLes sonPlans/young. pdf ———————– National Council of Teachers Page 2

Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge Essay Example

Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge Essay Example Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge Paper Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge is a tightfisted miser who has only one purpose in life, to extort as much money and profit he can from anything and everything. As with all things, too much of one thing is bad for you; Scrooges miserly ways are catching up with him. His cheap ways have not brought him any friends, quite the contrary; they have brought him derision and scorn. He was thought of as a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire. As we can see, he wasnt a very pleasant person, but that is to be expected of people who work around money all their lives. Money became more than a possession to Scrooge, all his coins were his little children. He hoarded them and kept them safe in their strongboxes. To give away but one petty coin, would have been asking Scrooge to give away part of his soul. He was greedy and crooked to the bone. No warmth could warm him, no wintry weather chill him. However much you may want to consider Scrooge blameless, after all, a mans behaviour and temperament is directly linked to the environment he works in, it is all too clear that he brought this sour disposition and attitude upon himself. Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me? Scrooge had an inherent fear of opening up to people. All his years of working with money have turned him into a recluse. He was a unique type of man, a man who became a hermit while living in society. He retreated into his shell of seclusion and misconceptions whenever he was prompted to be sociable or generous. Too much money can go to your head. Scrooge would have stayed like this till the end of his days until one night, the most remarkable thing happened. Scrooge was one of those men who took little joy in the happiness of others around them. He cared nothing for sentimentalities and he looked upon the upcoming Christmas festivities with thinly veiled contempt. Christmas was a time for finding yourself a year older, and not an hour richer. He could despised Christmas, and he especially despised fools who thought it fun and joyous, . . . every idiot who goes about with Merry Christmas on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding, and buried with a stake of holly through his heart. These famous lines were uttered by Scrooge on Christmas Eve, 7 years to the day, of his old partner, Jacob Marleys death. Then as Scrooge was about to enter his marvelously slum-like mansion, he looked at his doorknocker, and nearly fainted dead away with fright. Scrooge saw in the knocker not a knocker, but Marleys face. Bad omens breed ill times to come, and this was most definitely a bad omen. As Scrooge looked fixedly at this phenomenon, it was a knocker again. This was the beginning of a very long night in which he was visited firstly by the Ghost of Marley. Both Marley and Scrooge were cut from the same cloth; they were miserly and cheap. However, Marley was dead and he was suffering for all his sins. He was being punished for being such a transgressor. He broke the most fundamental rule of Christianity. He hoarded his money and did not share with the poor. Because of this he was not accepted into the kingdom of God and was condemned to eternal misery. Marleys mission was simple; he was trying to seek redemption by saving another soul that was very close to becoming ultimately and irrevocably corrupted. He was trying to save Scrooge from an after-life full of pain and misery. Following this warning, he was to have three more visitations. By the end of the night, he was scared witless and he had feared that he had overslept Christmas. Scrooges transformation from a selfish miser to a man who knew how to keep Christmas well is remarkable and miraculous. Nobody would have thought that a man who lived like that and was stepped was so deeply in his own cesspool of sin could be changed so dramatically and quickly. To make sure that we dont accidentally confuse Scrooge with a nice person, Dickens only portrays him to us in incriminating circumstances to further convince us of his guilt (metaphorically). Dickens goes into great depth to depict Scrooge character with words. He did not have to be concise, as that way he would be able to get his full meaning across. The statements impact would be lowered if the sentences were to be shortened and fewer words were used e. g. Scrooge was a greedy, mean and cold-hearted person with no compassion for anything or anyone but himself! It wouldnt get across just how vile Scrooge was. Dickens presents Scrooges character to us throughout the novel in his many bad deeds, which show us what he is like. Dickens shows us scenes such the one in which Scrooge is cantankerous and grumpy with his clerk, Let me here another sound from you, and youll keep your Christmas by losing your situation! and Fred his nephew. The next description of Scrooge character is No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master! This sentence helps to reinforce our views that Scrooge was mean-hearted. His bad looks were enough to inspire dislike towards him. Dickens was in a descriptive frenzy Marley in his pigtail, usual waistcoat, tights and boots; the tassels on the latter bristling, like his pigtail, and his coat-skirts, and the hair upon his head. The chain he drew was clasped about his middle. It was long, and wound about him like a tail. The descriptions that Dickens uses are intense as they show the presentation of the character. Dickens goes into tremendous detail concerning the food around the Ghost of Christmas Present. He wants us to really be there, to taste the gravy, and smell the pies. He wants us to become part of the story, not just readers. Dickens uses powerful vocabulary to involve us. Heaped up on the floor, to form a kind of throne, were turkeys, geese, game, poultry, brawn, great joints of meat, sucking-pigs, long wreaths of sausages, mince pies, plum-puddings, barrels of oysters, red-hot chestnuts, cherry-cheeked apples, juicy oranges, luscious pears, immense twelfth-cakes, and seething bowls of punch, that made the chamber dim with their delicious steam. His vivid descriptions of the food are astounding. This was no ordinary Christmas dinner; it was fit for a king; the perfect Christmas dinner. The scene where Scrooge meets the spirit is also painstakingly detailed (surprise, surprise! ). The details he has used set the atmosphere and draw in the reader. The reader just has to continue, or he may miss some vital little detail without which the picture is not complete. It was clothed in one simple green robe, or mantle, bordered with white fur. The dialogue in the book helps the story to go on and the characters to express their feelings through the dialogue. Dickens does not purposely confuse us with his odd vocabulary; it is just the only way he can make the characters express their true feelings. Scrooges words to the spirit are apparently unambiguous though. If you have anything to teach me then let me gain by this lesson to better myself. The use of dialogue between Scrooge and the ghost of Christmas yet to come, in stave four is a good example of feelings being expressed through dialogue, as this final spirit changes Scrooge and he experiences great sorrow. For once, Dickens has not sprinkled the dialogue with a myriad of different old style words and sayings. This last extract is of the ghost of Christmas yet to come. We see at the beginning of the fourth stave that a solemn phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached. We instantly gain an impression of the phantom, and its slow movements. Dickens has set the mood of this stave brilliantly by describing the hooded figure. The description of the phantom is brim-full of adjectives giving the reader no respite. However, this brings a new light into the phantom. We see it in our minds eye as it was meant to be (or maybe not). Dickens does a marvelous job of illustrating the phantom for us, and only by using mere words too! His power of convincing us that what we are reading is actually going on is almost magical. He brings new depth to the story using vibrant descriptions and not so vibrant images of foul things and phantoms. It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand. This is marvelous. We can actually now see the phantom; a thin bony thing with an outstretched hand clawing towards you, ready to drag you to the deepest pit in Hell. This is very ironic, as in fact, the phantom is here to help, not to kill, or hurt. However, throughout this dialogue that we witness between Scrooge and the spirit, Scrooge clearly feels intimidated and uneasy, but we realize that the spirit is here to help him, not to do harm to him. Ghost of the future! I fear you more then any specter I have ever seen. But I know your purpose is to do me good. Scrooge becomes anxious to see what lies ahead for him as he says Lead on! Lead on! The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me, I know. Lead on, spirit! At the end of stave four Scrooge begins to cry and shows true emotion through the dialogue as he cries and pleads with the spirit to forgive him, as he believes that he is a changed man and that this is his final chance for redemption. Hear me! I am not the man I was! Scrooge is finally showing some bit of humanity behind that polished and fraudulent fai ade, as he learned to be happy; he learned to be sad. Throughout that long night, Scrooge transformed himself from a crooked old man, to a friendly and jolly gentleman. A very good analogy would be the one of the ugly chrysalis transforming itself into the beautiful butterfly. Scrooge was in his chrysalis stage for too long and had become petrified there. The three spirits helped to change all of that with their magical touch (metaphorically, after all, they had no substance, so they couldnt touch him). Scrooges heart had been touched (somehow) and the dam had cracked. He was finally able to let some emotions and human feelings flow through without fear of any reprisal. Scrooge was a changed man. His words show that more than anything else. I dont want to die before I can redeem myself! I will do it if you let me live. Scrooge has become friendly. He calls out. Boy! Hallo! Whoop, Hallo there! My fine fellow! He probably never even thought of calling anyone his fine fellow, let alone having done it. An intelligent boy, delightful boy, what a pleasure to talk to him! Scrooge has complimented someone for possibly the first time in his life. The warm feeling it gives him of being able to inspire happiness in others convinces him that Christmas should be a happy time, even for the less fortunate. So, without further delay, he buys a huge turkey and sends it over to Bob Cratchits house. Deep down, beneath that bleak exterior Scrooge was a greedy, mean and cold-hearted person with no compassion for anything or anyone but himself! there was a human heart beating, and human feelings lurked beneath the surface. They were well hidden from view, but they were struggling to escape. His transformation is remarkable; he saved himself from a life without love and without friends, by finally opening up and facing his paranoia and fears. He thought that showing any weakness would destroy him; he thought that showing compassion would demean him, he thought that he could survive on his own in a world where everyone depends on everyone else. He was wrong on all three counts. .

Top 8 Jobs for Cat Lovers

Top 8 Jobs for Cat Lovers are you a cat person? cats are much more independent than dogs. cat lovers tend to be open-minded, and respectful of cats’ ability to think for themselves. cat lovers are often introverted, sensitive and intelligent. their jobs should allow them to work independently. of course, finding a perfect career isn’t as easy as picking a side on the dog person or cat person debate. but if you are a cat lover and would rather hang out with cats than people, consider these occupations:1. cat sitter[via imgur.com]people love their cats and they want the best cat sitter to look after their cats. it is not easy to find a good cat sitter. many pet sitters aren’t cat people and thus don’t understand cat’s little quirks. if you love spending time with cats, and want to be your own boss, consider starting your own cat sitting business.to become a responsible and professional cat sitter, you should definitely look into taking first aid and cpr courses. get liability insurance and bond if that’s a requirement in your state.make yourself visible in the community, spread the words. it is especially effective if you start sitting your friends and family cats, build up your resume. you could also post flyers at local veterinary offices, animal rescue centers, and pet stores. you can also start your social media channels. cats and pet lovers are all over instagram, facebook and pinterest.2. cat writer or bloggerif writing is your thing and you obviously love cats, become a cat writer or blogger! start your own blog, write about cat food, cat health or cat fun. you can also reach out to established pet blogs and offer to write for them. you never know where it might take you.kate benjamin started her blog, moderncat.com, in 2008 to share her favorite design finds for cat lovers. she has expanded her blog to include a design studio, a distribution business and an online magazine for design conscious cat people.check out cat writer association if you are interested in starting your career as a cat writer.3. cat cafà © ownerthe cat cafà © is finally trending in europe and the united states. the first cat cafà © opened in taiwan in 1998. cat lovers who cannot have their own cat can visit cat cafà ©. usually, it is so popular among locals and tourists, and it is usually fully booked a month or so in advance.people visit cat cafà © to play and relax with cats. playing with cats can be such a stress reliever, it is especially popular in dense cities. in addition to making a profit from food and drinks, you can also charge adminission fee. you can even turn your cafà © into a cat shop.4. catnip sellera catnip bag costs around $2, and you can make a huge profit from selling toys filled with catnip. catnip sellers are known as the drug dealer of the cat world! you can sell these on amazon, etsy or even start your own online store. you can get your supply from your local pet shop.5. professional cat catcheryou can actually mak e up to $80 – $100 an hour catching cats. if you trust your cat instinct and can catch a cat, then start your own cat-catching business. start by reading jordana’s serebrenik’s book.6. veterinaryveterinary is one of the most rewarding career choice for animal lovers. to become a veterinarian, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree that’s heavy in science and then go to a veterinary school to complete a 4 year doctorate of veterinary medicine.although it’s a long process before becoming a veterinarian, there’s plenty of opportunities after school. u.s. department of labor reports that veterinarian jobs are expected to grow by 36% from 2010 to 2020.7. veterinary technician / veterinary assistantif you don’t fancy school, then maybe become a veterinary technician or veterinary assistant. both jobs give you the same opportunity to work closely with cats.to become a veterinary technician, you’ll need to finish a postsecondary program in veterinary technology, which is usually 2 years. you’ll also need to be registered and licensed, depending on the state you want to practice in.if 2 years is still too long for you, you can become a veterinary assistant. many college offer comprehensive training programs that can be completed in under a year, and sometimes, employers offer on the job training, so you can skip school altogether.8. thinking outside of the cat boxif you don’t like any of the traditional career paths listed above, no worries, start thinking outside of the kitty box for ways to earn your living as a cat lover. your ideal cat profession might not exist yet. your purrfect cat career is just around the corner and your cat instinct might be your best career guide.

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Case Study - Assignment Example From the increasing sales that are being made from mobile commerce, it is quite evident that in the coming years a large percentage of all sales that occur in a particular country will be online. This is due to advancements that are being made in the technological world from smart phones to computers and even tablets. In future people all over the world will seem to be so busy working such that time for shopping is limited hence they will be obliged to do over the internet. As computer knowledge increase from generation to generation, there will be more conversance with these electronic devices and this will also raise the percentage rate of increase of mobile commerce. Through online buying, one can select a wide range of goods and services from foodstuffs to banking services hence saving time of having to move from place to place. Companies that involve mobile commerce such as OLX continue to build their routes because it is evident that the future of business is dependent on onlin e shopping due to studies done by Ipos indicating that the percentage of online shopping continues to increase over the years (Chen & Lee 33). The Edward Jones is a big company situated in the USA and it offers financial help to its customers through advising them on how to invest their money in the best way. It has been established strongly for many years because of managing properly the techniques they use to handle their customers. Although the company management interacts with its clients over the internet and other social media, it cannot do its business activities online. This is because it has branches all over Canada and USA hence they can easily be physically reached. It is also a risky business to do money transactions to people that are met over the internet hence the obligation for face to face encounter (Chen & Lee 37). However the use of internet makes their messages reach a wide range of potential customers who may be looking for their

Nursing informatics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing informatics - Research Paper Example It is used in the management of the records of the patients. The data pertaining to a given patient can be safely stored and retrieved with ease when required. The technology can also be used to diagnose a patient based on the records that have been obtained. Thus, technology is generally necessary for the diagnosis, treatment, and the management of patients in a health institution (Cleveland Clinic, 2011, para.1). The success of the application of modern information technology in a given health care institution is not obvious. The management of such institutions needs to define and develop an appropriate strategy for integrating the modern technology into their system. A good patient care will be achieved if the use of technology is supported by the processes of the institution and the cooperation among the workers in the institution (Cleveland Clinic, 2011, para.3). The nurses in the health care institutions need to be conversant with the applications of the automated systems in va rious tasks. There is need to develop a joint passion for the profession and the learning of new technology. Thesis statement The application of information technology in nursing practice will be successful in improving the quality of services to the patients if the processes of the health center are well organized and if there is good coordination between the health workers in the organization. 2. Informatics in nursing The practice of nursing involves handling very vital pieces of information relating to the patients’ health that are necessary for proper service delivery (Ball, 2000, p.7). The management of the patients in a given health care institutions is made easier of the records of the patients are available and in an organized manner. The health history of a given patient can be traced and this will help the clinician in making the appropriate diagnosis (Berner, 1999, p.5). There are also pieces of information relating to the nursing practice. These include the proce dures, guidelines, and policies that are applicable in the practice and in a given institution. The nurses would want to obtain these pieces of information from their seniors or communicate them to the other nurses within the institution. There would also be a need to communicate to the patients in certain instances. The way the information is stored, how it can be retrieved, and how it can be communicated to other people will determine its effectiveness. The confidentiality of information is of particular significance in the nursing practice. Besides, the patients should be involved in designing for their care. There is a need for an effective communication between the patient and the nurses. Thus, the information needs to be kept in a secured system that is protected from unauthorized users and from where it cannot be destroyed. There is need to have an organized system that allows for an easy retrieval of information from a large chunk of information. The communication medium nee ds to be fast and efficient and neither should it tamper with the contents of the information. The use of modern technology in these applications is necessary (Berner, 1999, p.139). By using these modern systems, it is easy to organize enormous data so that the retrieval of the required piece of information