Analysis of Open and Closed Economies

Analysis of Open and Closed EconomiesTable of Contents (Jump to)TASK11.0 DEFINITION OF OPEN parsimoniousness AND tight fitting prudence1.1 DIFFERENCES in the midst of OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMY1.2 COUNTRY WHO PRACTISE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMY1.3 CONSUMPTION AMONG OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMY1.4 INVESTMENT AMONG THE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMY1.5 IMPORT AMONG THE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYTASK22.0 UTILIZE2.1 wealthiness DISTRIBUTION2.3 FOUR turnout FACTORS EFFICIENTLY AMONG wealth DISTRIBUTION2.4 INTRODUCE NEW TECHNOLOGY AMONG wealth DISTRIBUTION2.5 INVESTMENT IN NEWPLANT AND EQUIPMENT AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTION2.6 ENSURE SUFFICIENT involve AND SUPPLY FOR PRODUCTS AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTION3.0 CONCULUSION4.0 REFERENCESTASK11.0 DEFINITION OF OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYAn open scrimping is an delivery in which there atomic number 18 stintingal activities between domestic community and outside, e.g. people, including businesses, can trade in goods and wo rk with other people and businesses in the inter field community, and flow of funds as investment funds across the border. Trade can be in the shit of managerial exchange, engine room transfers, all kinds of goods and function. Although, there are certain exceptions that cannot be exchanged, like, railway services of a uncouth cannot be traded with another to avail this service, a rude has to produce its own. This contrasts with a closed economy in which international trade and pay cannot take place. The act of selling goods or services to a foreign country is called exporting. The act of buying goods or services from a foreign country is called importing. Together exporting and importing are collectively called international trade. there are a number of advantages for citizens of a country with an open economy. One master(a) advantage is that the citizen consumers find a much larger variety of goods and services from which to choose. Additionally, consumers have an opportu nity to invest their savings outside of the country. In an open economy, a countrys spending in whatever given year need not to equal its output of goods and services. A country can spend more money than it produces by borrowing from abroad, or it can spend less than it produces and lend the difference to foreigners. There is no closed economy in todays world.An economy in which no activity is conducted with outside economies. A closed economy is self-sufficient, meaning that no imports are brought in and no exports are sent out. The goal is to ho accustom consumers with everything that they need from within the economys borders. A closed economy is the opposite of an open economy, in which a country will conduct trade with outside regions.1.1 DIFFERENCES in the midst of OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMY1.2 COUNTRY WHO PRACTISE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYAmerican countries in adopting open economy and allay and other trade practices or the United States an open economy is the op posite of a managed economy. It is one that is characteristically market-oriented, with free market policies rather than politics-imposed toll controls. In an open economy industries tend to be privately owned rather than owned by the government. In the area of international trade an open economy is one whose policies promote free trade over protectionism .On the other hand, a managed or closed economy is characterized by protective tariffs, state-run or nationalized industries, extensive government regulations and price controls, and similar policies indicative of a government-controlled economy. In a managed economy the government typically intervenes to influence the production of goods and services. In an open economy, market forces are allowed to de terminaline production levels. A completely open economy exists only in theory. For example, no country in the world allows unlimited free admission charge to its markets. Most nations have fiscal and monetary policies that attem pt to improve their economies. Many economies that are open in some respects may still have government owned, monopolistic industries. A country is considered to have an open economy, however, if its policies allow market forces to determine such matters as production and pricing.1.3 CONSUMPTION AMONG OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYIn a closed economy, all output is sold domestically, and using up is divided into three components consumption, investment, and government purchases.Y = C + I + G an open economy, some output is sold domestically and some is exported to be sold abroad. We can divide expenditure on an open economys output Y into four components Cd, consumption of domestic goods and services, Id, investment in domestic goods and services, good government purchases of domestic goods and services, X, exports of domestic goods and services. The division of expenditure into these components is expressed in the identity.1.4 INVESTMENT AMONG THE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYAn open economy is one that engages in international exchange of goods, services, and investments. Exports are goods and services sold to buyers outside the country, while imports are those purchased from foreigners. The difference between exports and imports of goods and services is called net exports. When foreign trade is introduced, domestic demand can differ from national output. Domestic demand comprises consumption, investment, and government purchases (C + I + G). To obtain GDP, exports Ex) must be added and imports (Im) subtracted, GDP = C + I + G + X.1.5 IMPORT AMONG THE OPEN ECONOMY AND CLOSE ECONOMYThe act of selling goods or services to a foreign country is called exporting. The act of buying goods or services from a foreign country is called importing. Together exporting and importing are collectively called international trade. There are a number of advantages for citizens of a country with an open economy. One large(p) advantage is that the citizen consumers have a mu ch larger variety of goods and services from which to choose. Additionally, consumers have an opportunity to invest their savings outside of the country.TASK22.0 UTILIZEUtility, or usefulness, is the world cater of something to satisfy needs or wants. Utility is an important concept in economics and game theory, because it represents satisfaction experienced by the consumer of a good. Not coincidentally, a good is something that satisfies human wants and provides utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase. It was recognized that one cannot directly measure benefit, satisfaction or happiness from a good or service, so instead economists have devised ways of representing and measuring utility in terms of economic choices that can be counted. Economists have attempted to perfect exceedingly abstract methods of comparing utilities by observing and calculating economic choices. In the simplest sense, economists consider utility to be revealed in peoples willingness to pay d ifferent amounts for an economic term referring to the total satisfaction received from consuming a good or service. A company that generates transmits and/or distributes electricity, water and/or gas from facilities that it owns and/or operates.2.1 WEALTH DISTRIBUTIONThe distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society. It differs from the distribution of income in that it looks at the distribution of self-will of the assets in a society the word wealth is often confused with income. These two terms describe different but related things. Wealth consists of those items of economic value that an individual owns, while income is an inflow of items of economic value (See Stock and flow.) The copulation between wealth, income, and expenses is rather than the current income of members of that society.2.3 FOUR PRODUCTION FACTORS EFFICIENTLY AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTIONThe four factors of production in economics are land, labor, capital and entr epreneurship. In economics, factors of product are the inputs to the production process. Finished goods are the output. Input determines the measuring of output i.e. output depends upon input. Input is the starting point and output is the end point of production process and such input-output relationship is called a production function. There are three basic factors of production land, labor, capital. Some modern economists also consider entrepreneurship for a factor of production. These factors are also frequently labeled manufacturer goods in order to distinguish them from the goods or services purchased by consumers, which are frequently labeled consumer goods. All three of these are required in conspiracy at a time to produce commodity. In economics, production means creation or an addition of utility. Factors of production (or productive inputs or resources) are any commodities or services used to produce goods or services.Factors of production may also refer specifically to the primary factors, which are stocks including land, labor the ability to work, and capital goods applied to production. Materials and energy are considered as secondary factors in classical economics because they are obtained from land, labor and capital. The primary factors facilitate production but incomplete become part of the product as with raw materials nor become significantly transformed by the production process as with fuel used to power machinery. Land includes not only the site of production but natural resources above or below the soil. The factor land may, however, for simplification purposes are unified with capital in some case due to land being of little importance in the service sector and manufacturing. Recent usage has differentiate human capital the stock of knowledge in the labor force from labor. Entrepreneurship is also sometimes considered a factor of production. Sometimes the overall state of technology is exposit as a factor of production. The numbe r and definition of factors varies, depending on theoretical purpose, empirical emphasis, or school of economics.2.4 INTRODUCE NEW TECHNOLOGY AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTIONIn exchange relations two actors come to an agreement to trade with each other on mutually agreed-upon terms. Something is delivered, and something is expected in sire, in a quid pro quo (something for something) relation. In product and labor markets, exchanges typically involve a flow of goods or services from seller to buyer, in return for a monetary requital. The monetary payments in turn create flows of labor and capital income. For example, when customers buy shoes from a mall shoe store, the incomes created include the payment of a wage to the shoe salesperson, rent to the owners of the mall, and profits to the owners of the business. Labor income is compensation received by workers in the form of wages, salaries, and fringe benefits. Capital income includes rents, profits, and interest. (Rent as economists us e the term, refers not just to rent for housing, but to payments for the use of any asset).2.5 INVESTMENT IN NEWPLANT AND EQUIPMENT AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTIONDistribution of wealth and income, the way in which the wealth and income of a nation are divided among its population, or the way in which the wealth and income of the world are divided among nations. Such patterns of distribution are discerned and analyze by various statistical means, all of which are ground on data of varying degrees of reliability.Wealth is an accumulated store of possessions and financial claims. It may be given a monetary value if prices can be determined for each of the possessions this process can be difficult when the possessions are such that they are not likely to be offered for sale. Income is a net total of the flow of payments received in a given time period. Some countries collect statistics on wealth from legally required evaluations of the estates of deceased persons, which may or may not be in dicative of what is possessed by the living. In many countries, yearly tax statements that measure income provide more or less reliable information.2.6 ENSURE SUFFICIENT DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR PRODUCTS AMONG WEALTH DISTRIBUTIONHave been described as the well-nigh directly observable attributes of goods produced and exchanged in a market economy. The theory of supply and demand is an organizing principle for explaining how prices coordinate the amounts produced and consumed. In microeconomics, it applies to price and output determination for a market with perfect competition, which includes the condition of no buyers or sellers large enough to have price-setting power.For a given market of a commodity, demand is the relation of the quantity that all buyers would be prepared to purchase at each unit price of the good. Demand is often represented by a table or a graph showing price and quantity demanded (as in the figure). Demand theory describes individual consumers as rationally choo sing the most preferred quantity of each good, given income, prices, tastes, etc. A term for this is constrained utility maximization (with income and wealth as the constraints on demand). Here, utility refers to the hypothesized relation of each individual consumer for ranking different commodity bundles as more or less preferred. FIGURE 1.2 DEMANDS AND SUPPLY3.0 CONCULUSIONThis assignment task one based about open economy and close economy. The task two about utility. The open economy is market economy mostly free trade barriers and where exports and imports form a large percentage of GDP.4.0 REFERENCESUnknown. Open economy. Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_economy. die hard accessed 19th JUNE.Unknown. . Close economy. Available http//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/closed-economy.asp. Last accessed 19th June 2014.Unknown. Utility. Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility. Last accessed 19th June 2014.Unknown. Wealth distribution. Available http//www. Wealth distribut ion Last accessed 19th June 2014.Unknown. . Wealth distribution. Available http//www.wealth distribution. Last accessed 19th June 2014.